Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 7 de 7
Filter
1.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 38(4): 219-225, dic. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441383

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La neumonía por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 es una enfermedad nueva, por lo que las secuelas a largo plazo siguen siendo poco claras y los reportes del tema son aún escasos. El presente estudio buscó describir los hallazgos tomográficos al ingreso hospitalario y luego de 3 meses de neumonía asociada a COVID-19 y correlacionarlos con la alteración de las pruebas de función pulmonar a los 3 meses de la hospitalización. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo que evaluó las secuelas funcionales pulmonares y la evolución del compromiso imagenológico a los tres meses de hospitalización por neumonía asociada a COVID-19. Todos los exámenes fueron revisados por un radiólogo experto. Se identificó el patrón tomográfico predominante y se estableció la extensión de las alteraciones mediante un puntaje, previamente validado. En las TC de seguimiento, se evaluó la extensión del compromiso imagenológico, el porcentaje de reducción del compromiso del espacio aéreo y presencia de otras alteraciones. Estos hallazgos se relacionaron con las pruebas de función pulmonar (PFP) a los 3 meses (espirometría, DLCO y test de caminata de 6 min: TC6M). Para estos análisis los pacientes se agruparon según la oxigenoterapia utilizada en la hospitalización: oxigenación estándar (O2), cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) o ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI). Resultados: Se evaluaron un total de 116 pacientes, de los cuales 75 eran hombres, edad promedio fue 60,6 ± 14,5 años. Los pacientes fueron seguidos en promedio 100 días. 70 pacientes pertenecieron al grupo O2 estándar, 25 CNAF y 21 VMI. La TC control a los 3 meses mostró que 78 pacientes presentaron recuperación tomográfica mayor a 50%. El promedio del puntaje de extensión del compromiso tomográfico fue significativamente mayor en el grupo con PFP alterada, comparado con el grupo con PFP normal (espirometría 6,8 vs. 4,6, p = 0,03; DLCO 5,7 vs. 4,1, p = 0,04, TC6M 7,0 vs. 4,2, p = 0,002). Conclusiones: En el seguimiento de los pacientes adultos hospitalizados por neumonía asociada a COVID-19, los pacientes con mayor extensión del compromiso imagenológico pulmonar fueron los que presentaron alteraciones funcionales pulmonares significativas.


Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is an emergent disease, then long term sequelae are still on investigation. This study evaluated the imaging features at the admission to the hospital and then 3 months after discharge of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia and compared findings with functional respiratory recovery. Patients and Methods: Prospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in "Hospital Naval Almirante Nef", Viña del Mar Chile. Imaging evolution and respiratory function were analyzed after 3 months discharge. All the imagens were reviewed by an expert radiologist, who identified a predominant pattern and defined an extension score previously validated. These findings were compared with 3 months CT and respiratory function evaluated with spirometry, DLCO and 6 minutes walking test (6MWT). Also, patients were categorized in 3 different group, depending on oxygen support: conventional oxygen, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and mechanical ventilation. Results: 116 patients were evaluated, 75 men with a mean age of 60.6 ± 14.5 years-old. The median follow-up was 100 days. 70 patients were on conventional oxygen group, 25 in high-flow nasal cannula and 21 in mechanical ventilation. 3-month CT control showed tomographic recovery > 50% in 78 patients. The mean score of extension was significant higher in the group with altered respiratory functional test, compared with the group with normal results (spirometry 6.8 vs. 4.6, p = 0.03; DLCO 5.7 vs. 4.1, p = 0.04; 6MWT 7.0 vs. 4.2, p = 0.002). Conclusion: 3 months after discharge of COVID-19 pneumonia, patients with higher tomographic score present significant abnormalities in respiratory functional test.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , COVID-19/physiopathology , COVID-19/diagnostic imaging , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory Function Tests , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Prospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Recovery of Function , Walk Test , COVID-19/therapy , Hospitalization
2.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 57(4): 347-356, dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092731

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La Meningitis Bacteriana Aguda (MBA) corresponde a la inflamación de las leptomeninges por presencia de bacterias piógenas. La epidemiología es variable y depende multifactorial. A pesar de los avances en medicina la mortalidad de la MBA se ha mantenido estable, evidenciando la necesidad de estudiar esta patología para orientar estrategias de prevención y tratamiento. Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de los agentes etiológicos de MBA confirmadas en adultos en el Hospital San Martín de Quillota (HSMQ) entre los años 2012 y 2018. Establecer la tasa de resistencia a antibióticos. Determinar el perfil de los pacientes, y establecer la relación entre perfil, agente etiológico identificado y desenlace. Métodos: c muestra de 38 casos, se estableció la prevalencia de los patógenos involucrados y se realizó un análisis estadístico considerando los factores de riesgo, sus días de estadía y su condición al egreso hospitalario. Resultados: 15 casos en que no se aisló patógeno en LCR (líquido cefalorraquídeo), 13 MBA por neumococo, 4 por Haemophilus spp, 3 por meningococo, 2 por Staphylococcus spp y 1 por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. En el grupo sin agente aislado se observó un mejor pronóstico, valores de PCR (proteína C reactiva) en sangre menores y valores de glucorraquia mayores. Se registraron 6 fallecimientos por MBA. Conclusión: La prevalencia de los agentes etiológicos fue similar a la descrita en la literatura, con neumococo como el microorganismo más frecuente, no se reportaron casos de Listeria monocytogenes. Probablemente en el grupo sin agente aislado se incluyeron casos de meningitis virales.


Introduction: Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is denifed as the inflammation of leptomeninges due to the presence of pyogenic bacteriae. Epidemiology is variable and multifactorial. In spite of advance in medicine, ABM's mortality has remained stable, hence the need to study the causative microorganisms in order to guide prevention and treatment strategies. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of the etiological agents of ABM confirmed in adults in a medium complexity hospital located in Quillota, Chile, between 2012 and 2018, to establish the rate of resistance of these to antibiotics. Determine the profile of the patients and establish the relationship between profile, etiological agent identified and outcome. Methods: A sample of 38 cases with ABM was evaluated during, the prevalence of the pathogens involved was established and a statistical analysis was carried out considering the risk factors of patients, their days of in-hospital stay and their condition at hospital discharge. Results: We analyzed 38 cases, 15 without isolated pathogens, 13 of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 4 of Haemophilus spp., 3 of Neisseria meningitidis, 2 of Staphylococcus spp. and we obtained one case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the group without isolated pathogens, a better prognosis was observed, lower blood CRP values and higher glucose on spinal fluid values. 6 deaths per ABM were recorded. Conclusion: The prevalence of etiological agents was similar to that described in the literature, with pneumococcus as the most frequent microorganism, no cases of Listeria monocytogenes were reported. Probably in the group in which no agent was isolated, cases of viral meningitis were included.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Patients , Bacteria , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Meningitis, Bacterial , Hospitals , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Observational Study
3.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 5(2): 62-67, abr. 2012. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-640615

ABSTRACT

Background: Radioiodine treatment fails in 17 percent of patients with Basedow Graves disease (BGD). Aim: To assess the frequency and possible associated factors of treatment failure of the first radioiodine dose in patients with BGD. Material and Methods: Review of medical records of patients with BGD treated with radioiodine at a general hospital between 2004 and 2008. Normal thyroid function or hypothyroidism ensuing after treatment were considered as treatment success criteria. Results: According to the databases of the hospital, 298 patients received radioiodine in the study period. Of these, 254 medical records were recovered and 86 were analyzed. Treatment success and failure was recorded in 67 (78 percent) and 19 (22 percent) patients, respectively. The mean dose used was 12 +/- 2 mCi. Clinically determined goiter size and a high free thyroxin level were significantly associated to treatment failure. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for a thyroid weight over 60 g, estimated clinically was 0.73, rendering a sensitivity and specificity of 63 and 89 percent respectively, for this parameter as predictor or treatment failure. Conclusions: Thyroid gland size may be a predictor of radioiodine treatment failure. However the variability of the clinical estimation of this parameter casts doubts about its usefulness.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Graves Disease/radiotherapy , Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use , Medical Futility , Probability , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Treatment Outcome
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(1): 27-35, ene. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-595262

ABSTRACT

Background: The incidence oflymphoma increases enormously inpatients infecten with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Aim: To describe the incidence, clinical and histológica! characteristics, treatments and survival of lymphomas associated with HTV infection. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of medical records ofpatients with HIV and lymphoma, treated in a public hospital, between January 2001 and June 2009. Results: Twenty-two mole patients were included but 14 had immunohistochemical confirmation ofthe lymphoma. The accumulated incidence for thisperiod was 2.8 percent. The median age at lymphoma diagnosis was 39.5 years. Twelvepatients (86 percent) had non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHI) and two (14 percent) Hodgkin lymphoma. The main pathological type of non-Hodgkin lymphomas was diffuse large B cell in seven cases (50 percent). The mean CD4 cell count and viral load were 83 cell/mm³ (33.5-113.5) and 26.000 RNA copies/ml (1210-196500), respectively Twelve patients (86 percent) had B type symptoms of lymphoma at the moment of diagnosis. Eleven patients (29 percent) received chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy, onepatient (7 percent) received radiotherapy alone and two patients (14 percent) received palliative symptomatic treatment. Six cases (43 percent) received highly active antiretroviral therapy simultaneously with chemotherapy. Global mortality in this series was 57 percent (8patients) with a median survival time of 5.8 months (2.6-26.2). Conclusions: In this series ofpatients infected with HIV, a predominance of aggressive histológica! subtypes of lymphomas and low complete remission rates, were observed.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Hodgkin Disease , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related , Chile/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Hodgkin Disease/classification , Hodgkin Disease/epidemiology , Hodgkin Disease/therapy , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/diagnosis , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/epidemiology , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/therapy
5.
Rev. ANACEM (Impresa) ; 4(2): 82-85, dic. 2010. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-618835

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Delirium se presenta entre el 10 por ciento y 85 por ciento de los pacientes hospitalizados. Implica riesgo aumentado de hospitalización prolongada, daño cognitivo crónico, institucionalización y mortalidad. Es tratable y potencialmente prevenible, pero solo entre el 20 por ciento y 80 por ciento de los casos se diagnostica. Objetivos: Evaluar el reconocimiento de delirium por parte del tratante. Metodología: Estudio de corte transversal incluyó pacientes mayores de 65 años hospitalizados en el servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Naval Almirante Nef entre septiembre de 2009 y mayo de 2010. Al ingreso y luego diariamente se aplicó la herramienta Confussion Assessment Method para diagnosticar delirium por tres observadores validados (k=0,95). Desde la ficha clínica se registró el enfrentamiento adoptado por el tratante. Resultados: Se reclutaron 365 pacientes;60,8 por ciento (222) fueron mujeres, la edad promedio 79+/-6,7 años. El19,4 por ciento (71) desarrolló delirium, de los cuales el 16,9 por ciento (12) fueron diagnosticados por el tratante (14,1 por ciento con subtipo reconocido). Todos los casos diagnosticados recibieron tratamiento farmacológico y el 9,8 por ciento (7) recibió medidas de prevención. Discusión: La prevalencia de delirium cae dentro de lo esperable. La detección de delirium es baja en comparación a lo descrito en la literatura. Es necesario mejorar el reconocimiento del mismo dada su importancia pronóstica.


Introduction: Ten to 85 percent of inpatient develop Delirium wich implies increased risk for prolonged hospital stay, chronic cognitive impairment, institutionalization and mortality. It has a well known treatment and is preventable, but is diagnosed only in 20-80 percent cases. Objetive: To assess the recognition of Delirium by the physician. Methods: Cross sectional study that included patients older than 65 years, hospitalized in the Internal Medicine ward of Hospital Naval Almirante Nef between September 2009 and july 2010. The Confussion Assessment Method was applied everyday starting the first day of hospitalization, by two validated observers (k=0,95), to diagnose delirium. The physician’s conclusions were obtained from the clinical files. Data were analized using descriptive statistics. Results: 365 patients were recruited; 60,8 percent (222) were women, mean age was 79+/-6,7 years. 19,4 percent (71) developed Delirium, among them, only 16,9 percent was diagnosed by the physician (14,1 percent with recognition of Delirium subtype). All diagnosed patients received pharmacologic treatment and 9,8 percent received prevention mesures. Discussion: Delirium prevalence is among the expected. Delirium detection is low compaired to what is described in literature. It’s necessary to improve the recognition given it’s prognostic relevance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Delirium/diagnosis , Delirium/epidemiology , Inpatients , Comorbidity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delirium/prevention & control , Delirium/drug therapy , Geriatric Assessment , Prevalence , Prognosis , Survival Rate
6.
Bol. Hosp. Viña del Mar ; 65(3/4): 89-96, dic. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-554700

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La terapia antibiótica, muchas veces empírica, es el eje fundamental del tratamiento de las infecciones del tracto urinario. Esto hace necesario conocer la flora bacteriana local y su patrón de resistencia para optimizar el tratamiento. Objetivo: Determinar frecuencia y resistencia de microorganismos en cultivos urinarios de pacientes adultos ambulatorios y pacientes críticos de nuestro medio hospitalario. Materiales y Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los urocultivos del año 2007 del Hospital Dr. Gustavo Fricke. Se utilizaron frecuencias, porcentajes, y prueba de Ji2 o Fisher para el análisis de los datos. Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 11185 urocultivos, resultando 3500 positivos (31,29 por ciento), y de éstos 1247 polimicrobianos (39,06 por ciento). Se obtuvo 830 muestras correspondientes a pacientes ambulatorios, siendo el microorganismo más frecuentemente aislado Escherichia coli (Ec) (72,53 por ciento) seguido por Klebsiella pneumonías (Kp) (5,78 por ciento). Ec presenta una resistencia de 20,43 por ciento a ciprofloxacino, 49,5 por ciento a ampicilina, y 29 por ciento a cotrimoxazol. Se obtuvo 129 urocultivos correspondientes a unidades de pacientes críticos, aislándose más frecuentemente Ec (24,03 por ciento), Kp (20,93 por ciento), Candida albicans (16,28 por ciento) y Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13,95 por ciento). Se encontró una diferencia significativa al comparar las frecuencias de cada microorganismo entre pacientes ambulatorios y críticos (p=0,001), y al comparar los patrones de resistencia de Ec para diferentes antibacterianos entre ambos grupos. Conclusiones: La microbiología se ajusta a lo descrito en la literatura, aunque se observa mayor resistencia por parte de Ec a antimicrobianos de uso común en nuestro medio. Se observan además poblaciones microbiológicas diferentes entre el medio ambulatorio y el de pacientes críticos.


The antibiotic therapy, often empirical, is the fundamental axis in treatment of urinary tract infections. This makes necessary to know the local bacterial flora and its pattern of resistance to optimize the treatment. Aim: To determine the frequency and resistance of microorganisms in urinary cultures of adult ambulatory patients and critical units patients of our hospital. Materials and method: We conducted a descriptive retrospective study of the urinary cultures of 2007 at Dr. Gustavo Fricke Hospital. Frequencies, percentages, and 312 or Fisher test the data analysis. Results: A total of 11185 urinary cultures was obtained, with 3500 positives (31,29 per cent), and of these 1247 polymicrobial (39,06 per cent). There were 830 samples corresponding to ambulatory patients, and the most frequently isolated microorganism was Escherichia coli (Ec) (72,53 per cent) followed by klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) (5,78 per cent). Ec presents a resistance of 20,43 per cent to ciprofloxacine, 49,5 per cent to ampicillin, and 29 per cent to cotrimoxazole. There were 129 urinary cultures from critical care patients, isolating more frequently Ec (24,03 per cent), Kp (20,93 per cent), Candida albicans (16,28 per cent) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13,95 per cent). There was a significant diffence when comparing the frequencies of every microorganism among ambulatory and critical units patients (p=0,001), and when comparing the pattern of drug resistence of Ec for different antibacterial agents between both groups. Conclusions: The microbiology of this sample adjusts to that described in the literature, although higher resistance is observed of Ec to antimicrobial agents of common use in our hospital. Microbiological different populations are observed among the ambulatory and critical units patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Urologic Diseases/complications , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Microbiology , Ampicillin/pharmacology , Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology , Critical Care/statistics & numerical data , Outpatients/statistics & numerical data
7.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 35(2): 109-114, jun. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-517467

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La obesidad y el síndrome de apnea/hipopnea del sueño (SAHOS) son factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV). El principal síntoma del SAHOS es somnolencia diurna excesiva (SDE), evaluable con la Escala de Epworth (EE). Objetivos: Determinar prevalencia de SDE en población con FRCV. Establecer la asociación entre SDE y FRCV. Método: estudio transversal efectuado durante los a±os 2006 y 2007 en una población con FRCV del Hospital Gustavo Fricke. Se consideraron mediciones antropométricas y un cuestionario que incluyó Escala de Epworth (EE). Resultados: La prevalencia de SDE por EE fue 22,12 por ciento. La hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia y diabetes mellitus 2 no tuvieron diferencias respecto a EE. Se asociaron significativamente a SDE: una circunferencia de cuello y cintura (p=0,0277 y 0,0008 respectivamente), índice de masa corporal (p=0,014) y ronquidos (p=0,05), reporte de episodios apneicos (p=0,005), sensación de sueño fragmentado (p=0,006) y antecedente de IAM (p=0,026) OR=3.4 (IC95 por ciento 1,22-8,59). Discusión: La prevalencia de SDE encontrada concuerda con la literatura. Las asociaciones encontradas convierten al fenotipo característico y la EE en una evaluación fácil y económica para pesquisar SDE e iniciar el estudio de SAHOS.


Introduction: Obesity and sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (SAHOS) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (RFCVD) The ntain symptom of SAHOS is excessive daily sleepiness (EDS), measurable through Epworth Scale (ES). Objective: To determine the association between EDS and RFCVD and to establish association between SDE and RFCVD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done during 2006 and 2007 in a population with FRCVD at Hospital Gustavo Fricke, Viña del Mar. Anthropometrical measurements were taken and a questionnaire was applied including ES. Results: SDE prevalence measured by EE was 22.12 percent. Prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus 2 had no significant differences. Variables significantly associated to SDE were neck and waist circumference (p=0,0277 and p=0,0008 respectively), body mass index (p=0,014) and snoring (p=0,05), reports of previous apnoea episodes (p=0,005), sensation of fragmented sleep (p=0,006) and previous history of myocardial infarction (p=0,026) OR=3.4 (IC95 percent 1,22-8,59). Discussion: The prevalence found at this study agrees with the literature and the associations found make evaluation and determination of characteristic phenotype an easy and cheap method in order to screen and treat SAHOS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Obesity/complications , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/complications , Anthropometry , Cross-Sectional Studies , Chile/epidemiology , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence , /complications , Dyslipidemias/complications , Hypertension/complications , Prevalence , Risk Assessment , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/epidemiology
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL